Studies on Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease of Yam (Dioscorea Spp) Induced by (Xanthomonas campestris) Using Some Plant Extracts in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria
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Abstract
A survey, field experiment and screen house trial were carried out to assess the incidence and severity of bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris on three yam species (Dioscoreaalata, Dioscorearotundata and Dioscoreadumentorum) in Umudike. Bacterial leaf spot disease of yam was surveyed in the field during the 2016 cropping season at National Root Crops and Research Institutes farm Umudike. Based on varietal performance. D. alata (1166) variety recorded (4.58,5.67, 7.33, 8.08, 9.75 and 37.50%, 41.67%, 50.00%, 54.17%, 62.50%) for disease severity and incidence respectively, D. rotundata (Nwa) variety recorded (1.50, 2.75, 2.75, 3.58, 8.83 and 16.67%, 33.33%, 54.17%,66.67%,75.00%) for disease severity and incidence respectively and D. dumentorum (Ekpe) variety recorded (1.58, 2.58,3.17, 4.58, 9.00 and20.83%, 37.50%, 29.10%, 79.17%, 87.50%) for disease severity and incidence respectively. These three varieties (1166 for D. alata, Nwa for D. rotundata, and Ekpe for D. dumentorum) were all observed to be more susceptible than other yam varieties and the disease incidence and severity increased with amount of rainfall. Infectedleaves were taken to the plant pathology laboratory for isolation and identification of X. campestris after pathogenicity test in the screen house. Both field and screen house trials showed the potential of water leaf extracts of Azadirachtaindica, Eucalyptus officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum in controlling the bacterial leaf spot. Results obtained showed that all the plant extractsassessed reduced the disease incidence and severity when compared with the control (sterile water). A. indica recorded the best performance in growth and yield attributes (5.47kg) followed by C. citratus (4.34kg). Indicating that extracts of Azadirachtaindica, Eucalyptus officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum could offer a safe alternative in management of leaf spot disease in Umudike caused by X. campestris.
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