Effect of Moringa and Poultry Manure on Soil, Growth and Yield of (Amaranthus Cruentus) in Afikpo, Nigeria
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Abstract
A Greenhouse trial was conducted in Research farm of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Nigeria, to investigate the effects of composted moringa leaves and poultry manure on soil chemical properties, growth and yield of amaranthus. Treatments consisted of three rates of composted moringa leaves (MC), (0, 1 and 2-ton ha-1) and three rate of poultry manure (PM) (0, 1- and 2-ton ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design in a factorial pattern with three replications. The test soil was marginal in organic matter, inadequate in available P, acidic and general low in fertility. The results obtained showed that all rates of the manure significantly improved the soil nutrient status relative to control. All manure rates significantly increase the growth and yield of amaranthus. Relative to control, 2-ton ha-1 MC and 2-ton ha-1 PM increased number of leaves, plant height, and stem girth by 50%, 74.3% and 81% respectively. Generally, treatment combination of 2-ton ha-1 MC and 2-ton ha-1 PM gave the most appreciable increase in both soil nutrient and plant yield and it is therefore recommended for optimum and sustained amaranthus production in soils of Southeastern Nigeria.
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References
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Brockman, H.G. and Brennan, R.F. (2017). Effect of foliar application of Moringa leaf extract on biomass, grain yield of Wheat and applied nutrient efficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition 40(9):2728-2736
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Udo, E J., T.O. Ibia, J.O. Ogunwale, A.O. Ano and I. Esu (2009). Manual of Soil, Plant and Water Analysis. Sibon Books Ltd. Lagos.
Utietiang L. Undie, Michael A. Kekong and Tom O. Ojikpong3 (2013) Moringa (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Leaves Effect on Soil Ph And Garden Egg (Solanum Aethiopicum L.) Yield In Two Nigeria Agro- Ecologies European Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Research, Vol No. 1, pp. 17-25
Awodun, M. A. (2007). Influence of sawdust ash on soil chemical properties and cowpea performance in Southeastern Nigeria. Intl. J. Soil Sci. 2(1): 78-86.
Azu, D.E.O, Osodeke,V.E. and Nwanja O.U (2017). Effect of algae on phosphorus sorption characteristics of an ultisol of Southeastern Nigeria. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science.(2):88-95.
Azu, D.E.O., Osodeke, V.E., Ukpong, I.M. and Osisi, A.F. (2018). Chemistry and mineralogy of soils derived from different parent materials in Southeastern Nigeria. Int. J. of Plant and Soil Science, 25(25):1-16.
Bell, L.C and Besho, T (1993). Assessment of aluminum detoxification by organic matter in a litisol using soil solution characteristic and plant response. In: Dynamics of Organic
Booth, F.E.M. and Wickens, G.E (1988). Non timber uses of selected arid zone trees and shrubs in Africa. FAO Conservation Guide. FAO, Rome. pp 92-101.
Bray, R.H and Kurtz L.T. (1945). Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil sci.59:39-45.
Brockman, H.G. and Brennan, R.F. (2017). Effect of foliar application of Moringa leaf extract on biomass, grain yield of Wheat and applied nutrient efficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition 40(9):2728-2736
Carter MR, and Gregorich EG. (2008). Soil sampling and methods of analysis 2nd (ed). Can Soc. Soil Sci.1224.Davis, A.S., Jacobs, D.F and Wightman, K.E (2006). Organic matter amendment of fallow forest tree seedlings nursery soils influences soil properties and biomass of sorghums cover crop. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 112 – 118.
Eneje, R. C. and Azu E. O. (2009). Algae compost effect on soil nutrient status and aggregate stability. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science Society.19 (2):88-95.
Isitehale, H.H.E. and Osemota, I.O (2010). Residual effect of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on soil physical properties in the forest and derived savanna soils of Edo State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science 20 (2) 26-34.
Njoku, J.C., Okpara. D.A and Asiegbu, J.E. (2006). Growth and yield response of Sweet potato to inorganic Nitrogen and potassium in a tropical ultisol. Nig. Agric. J. 32:30-41.
Ogeh, E.S. (2010). The performance of maize in acid infertile soil amended with municipal tree leaves residue and phosphorus. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science 20 (2): 76- 81.
Ojeniyi, S. O. and Adeniyan, N. O. (1999). Effect of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on soil fertility, nutrient content and yield of maize at Akure southwest. In: management of soil resources of Nigeria for sustainable production in the 21st century. Proceedings of the 25th Annual conference of the Soil Science Society of Nigeria (SSSN), Benin City. Pp 185-191.
Ojeniyi, S.O., Adetoro, S.O and Ojedina, S.A. (1999). Effect of ash on soil fertility nutrients content and yield of Okra.Paper presented at the Horticultural Society of Nigeria conference, Port Harcourt
Onwuka, M.I., Osodeke, V.E. and Okolo, N.A.(2007). Amelioration of soil acidity using cocoa husk ash for maize production in Umudike area of southeastern Nigeria. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem 7:41-45.
Osodeke, V. E. (1996). Effects of rainfall and land-use on the management of the highly degraded soils of southeastern Nigeria. Proceedings of the 5th Annual conference of the Nigerian Society of Biological conservation, Umudike.
Osodeke, V. E. and Uba, A. F. (2005). Determination of Phosphorus Fraction in Selected Soils of Southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 1(1):10-14.
Pansu, M. and Gautheyrou, J. (2006). Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical Organic and Inorganic Methods. Springer, p995.
Sanchez P.A. and Logan, T.L (1992). Myths and science about the chemistry and fertility of soils in the Tropics. In:R. Lal and P.A. Sanchez. Myths and Science of Soils of the Tropics. Soils Science Society of AmericaSpecial Publication Number 29, Madison, Wisconsin.
Simmone, E. N., Jones, J. B., Mills, A. H., Smittle, A. A. and Hussey, C. G. (1994). Comparison of analytical methods for nitrogen analysis in plant tissues. Common Soil Science, 24:1609-1616
Udo, E J., T.O. Ibia, J.O. Ogunwale, A.O. Ano and I. Esu (2009). Manual of Soil, Plant and Water Analysis. Sibon Books Ltd. Lagos.
Utietiang L. Undie, Michael A. Kekong and Tom O. Ojikpong3 (2013) Moringa (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Leaves Effect on Soil Ph And Garden Egg (Solanum Aethiopicum L.) Yield In Two Nigeria Agro- Ecologies European Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Research, Vol No. 1, pp. 17-25