Prevalence of Trypanosomes in Intensively Managed Pigs in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
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Abstract
This study was carried out in Umuahia, Abia state with the aim of finding out the prevalence of trypanosomes in pigs reared under strict intensive farming system. A total of 160 intensively reared large white pigs were used. Blood samples collected were examined for trypanosomes using wet mount, buffy coat and thin smear stained with Geimsa. The study revealed zero prevalence of trypanosomosis. The questionnaire survey also revealed that majority (71.4%) of the pig farmers were males and all were educated. 57.1% of the farmers had SSCE, while 42.9 had tertiary education. It was also observed that most of the farmers had up to 10 – 15 years of experience in pig farming. The survey also showed good management practices by the farmers which may have contributed to the zero prevalence obtained in this study.
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Articles/Veterinary Medicine
References
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Agu, W.E. and Bajeh, Z.T. (1986). An outbreak of fatal Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection of pigs in Benue State of Nigeria. Tropical Veterinarian 4: 25-25.
Anonymous, (1999). Positive demand pattern for pork. Pig International Magazine. Mt Morris, Illinois: Watt Publishing Company. 28:32-38.
Atal B.D. and Dukhabandhu S. (2012). Farmers educational level and agricultural productivity: a study of KBK district of Odisha. International. Journal of Education Economics and Development. 3: 363-373.
FAOSTAT (2001). World meat production and trade. http//apps.fao.org/
Fritsche, T., Kaufmann, J. and Afister, K. (1993). Parasite Spectrum and Seasonal Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants in the Gambia. Veterinary Parasitology, 49: 271-283.
Gibson, W., Mehlitz D., Lanham S.M. and Godfrey D.G. (1978). The identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Liberian pigs and dogs by isoenzymes and by resistance to human plasma. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 29: 335-345.
Holmes, D.H.(1991). Systems of pig production. In: Coste R, Smith AJ, Eds. The Tropical Agriculturalist. 1st ed. London, UK: Macmillan Press 16: 99-100.
Jordan, A. M (1986). Trypanosomosis Control and African Rural Development London and New York, p. 357.
Madubunyi, L. C. (1988). The Collapse of Glossina tachnoides Population in two Peridomestic Agro Ecosystem in Nsukka Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Insect Science application 9: 361-366
Murray M., Murray P. k. and Mclnyre W.I.M (1977). An improved parasitological technique for diagnosis of African Trypanosomosis. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.,71: 325-326.
Murray, M. and Gray, A.R. (1984). The current situation on animal trypanosomosis in Africa. Prev. Vet. Med. 2: 23-30.
Nagabushanam R., Kodarkar M.S. and Sarojini R. (2005). Textbook of Animal Physiology. 2nd Edition.
Nwoha R. I. O., Onyeabor, A., Igwe, K. C., Daniel, G., Onuekwusi, G.C.O and Okah, U. (2013). Prevalence of haemoparasites in livestock in Ikwuano local government area of Abia state. Journal of fisheries and livestock production. 2:1-3
Omeke, B. C. O. and Onuora G. J. I. (1992). Comparative effect of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma congolense on the reproductive capacity of boars in tsetse endemic zones. Animal Reproduction Science. 27: 225-237
Omotainse, S. O., Edeghere, H., Omoogun, G. A., Thompson, G., Igweh, C. A., Ukah, J. A. C., Ikenga, M. A. and Halid, I. (2000): The prevalence of animal trypanosomosis in Konshisha local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 55:1-4.
Onah, D.N. and Uzoukwu, M. (1991). Porcine cerebral Trypanosoma brucei brucei trypanosomiasis. Tropical Animal Health and Production 23: 39-44.
Payne, W.J.A. (1990) Pigs. In: An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. 4th Ed. New York, New York: Longman Scientific and Technical; 639: 666-672
Rahman, S., Barthakur, S. and Kalita, G. (2008). Pig production and management system in Aizawl District of Mizoram, India. Livestock research for rural development. 20:9.
Shaibu, B., Ahiju, A. and Bakshi J.S. (1997). Nigerian national research strategy plan: 1996- 2010. Department of Agricultural Science. Federal ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Abuja.
Swallow, B.M. (2000). Impacts of Trypanosomosis on African Agriculture. PAAT Technical and Scientific Series 2. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome. p 52
Waiswa, C., Olaho-Mukani, W. and Katunguka-Rwakishay, A. E. (2003). Domestic animals as reservoirs for sleeping sickness in three endemic foci in south-eastern Uganda. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 97:149- 155.
Ohaeri, C.C. (2010). Prevalence of Trypanosomosis in Ruminants in parts of Abia State, Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9: 2422-2426.
Uilenberg, G. (1998). A field guide for the diagnosis treatment and prevention of African Animal Trypanosomosis. Adopted from the original edition by Boyt W.P. FAO Rome. 45- 135.