The Haematological and Biochemical Parameters Of Apparently Healthy Adult Male and Female Horses in Kaduna, Nigeria.
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Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the baseline data of haematological and biochemical parameters of adult horses in Kaduna, Nigeria. Twenty horses consisting of 10 males and 10 females aged 15 years and above were used for the study. The mean red blood cell counts, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration were lower than the mean reference values but fell within the normal range. The mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were higher than those recorded in other veterinary books. The mean white blood cell counts and white blood cell differential counts fell within the range recorded in other parts of the world. Mean aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase enzyme values were lower than the reference values while other mean serum biochemical values evaluated did not differ from normal values reported in other clinically healthy horses in different parts of the world. In conclusion, the generated data may serve as reference values for old horses in Nigeria in order to assess their health status.
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Articles/Veterinary Medicine
References
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Zongping, L., Qinbing, Z., and Li, H. (1995). Serum biochemical values and mineral element counts of tissues in Yaks. Veterinary Research Communications, 19: 473-473
Braunwald, E. (1995). Heart Disease. 4th ed., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, U.S.A.
Briggs, K. (1998). The ageing horse. Blood horse publication.
Cheesbrough, M. (1991). Serum Chemistry and Electrolyte Determination.Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries.ELBS.Ed. pp. 465-545.
Coles, E.H. (1986). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 4th ed. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. pp. 15-22-53-54.
Ebge-Nwiyi, T.N., Kalu, N.A and Naphtali, C. (2012). Preliminary Studies on Some Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Apparently Healthy Adult Horses in Maiduguri, Nigeria. African. Journal of Biomedical Research, 15: 49 – 53.
Ehizibolo, D. O., Kamani, J., Ehizibolo, P.O., Egwu, K.O., Dogo, G. I. and Salami-Shinaba J. O. (2012). Prevalence and Significance of Parasites of Horses in Some States of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Equine Science, 23(1): 1 – 4.
Fazio, F., Assenza, A., Tosto, F., Casella, S., Piccione, G., Caola, G. (2011). Training and haematochemical profile in thoroughbreds and standardbreds: a longitudinal study. Livestock Science, 141: 221–226.
Gurgoze, S. Y., and Icen, H. (2010). The influence of age on clinical biochemical parameters in pure-bred Arabian mares. Equine Veterinary Science, 30: (10) 569-573.
Hambleton, P.L, Slade, L.M., Hamar, D.W, Kienholz, E.W. and Lewis, L. D. (1980). Dietary fat and exercise conditioning effect on metabolic parameters in the horse. Journal of Animal Science. 51: 1330–1339.
Jain, N.C. (1993). Comparative hematology of common domestic animals. In: Essentials of Veterinary Hematology, Jain N.C. (ed.), pp. 19-53, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
Kawamura, S. (2011). Criteria for clinical biochemistry. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, large animal practice. Bun-Eido Pubishing Co., LTD., Tokyo. pp. 331-336.
Kleinveld, H. A. (1996). Oxidation of lipoprotein(s) and low density lipoprotein containing density gradient ultracentrifugation fractions. Biochem. Biophysica Acta 13(3): 15-21.
Kohnke, J. (2009). Blood Counts: A Practical Guide to Common Problems. A John Kohnke article www.kohnkesown.com.
McFarlane, D., Sellon., D.C. and Gaffney, D. (1998). Hematologic and serum biochemical variables and plasma corticotropin concentration in healthy aged horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 59(9): 1247-1251.
Nazifi, S., Saeb, M., Rategh, S. and Khojandi, A. (2005). Serum lipids and lipoproteins in clinically healthy Caspian Minatare horses. Veterinars Ki Arhiv. 75(2): 175-182.
Oyewale, J.O. and Durotoye, L.A. 1988. Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of two breeds of domestic fowl in the warm humid tropics. Laboratory Animal, 22: 250-254.
Patodkar, V.R. Somkuwar, A.P. Sushant, P. and Nilesh, K. (2010). Influence of Sex on certain biochemical parameters in Nomadic Camels (Camelus dromedarius) nearby Pune, in Maharashtra. Veterinary World, 3(3):115-117.
Robert, A. L., McKeever, K. H., Charles, F. K., and Matthew, D. B. (2004). Myosin heavy chain profiles and body composition are different in old versus young Standard bred mares. The Veterinary Journal, 167: 59–66.
Robin, L. (1982).The horse in West African history: The role of the horse in the societies of pre-colonial West Africa. African Affairs, 81(322): 135.
Schalm, O.W., Jain, N.C. and Carrol, E. J. (1975). Veterinary Haematology, 3rd Edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 164-197.
Satué, K. and Domingo, R. (2008). Microhematocrit values, total proteins and electrolytes concentrations in Spanish Purebred mares during pregnancy. Proceedings of 10th Annual Congress of the European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ESVCP) and the 8th Biennial Congress of the International Society for Animal Clinical Pathology (ISACP), European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 30 september-3 October, CAB Abstracts, Barcelona (Spain).
Schaefer, E.J., Lamon-Fava, S., Cohn, S.D, Schaefer, M.M., Ordovas, J. M., Castelli, W.P. and Wilson, P. W. (1994). Effects of age, gender, and menopausal status on plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels in the Framingham Offspring Study. Journal of Lipid Research, 35:779–92.
Tietz, N. W. (1986). Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 1173-1189.
Wayne, L. and Melvin, B. (2000). Determining age of horses by their teeth, Extension and Agricultural Information, 1-98 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO 65211; XPLOR website:.http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/index.aspx. Viewed, 20/7/11, 12:30pm.
Zettl, W. (2007).The Circle of Trust: Reflection on the Essence of Horses and Horsemanship. Half Halt Press, Boonsboro, Maryland, USA. p.176.
Zongping, L., Qinbing, Z., and Li, H. (1995). Serum biochemical values and mineral element counts of tissues in Yaks. Veterinary Research Communications, 19: 473-473