Socio-political and Economic Imbroglios of Northern African Uprisings
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Abstract
The late 2010-2011 in the Northern Africa witnessed different levels of socio-political instabilities and sudden uprisings of civilians due to its long time socio-political and economic deprivations of citizens that brewed poverty, insecurity and underdevelopment across the land. Its resultant effect bastardised peaceful co-existence and metamorphosed into social uprisings that forced regimes in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya out of power, and served as early warning signal to African socio-political leaders who have overstayed in governance. This is because state and governing institutions are established to harness and manage human and natural resources judiciously. This study, therefore, examined and discussed socio-political and economic imbroglios of Northern African crises, in terms of transparency and accountability in governance. The secondary method of data collection was used. Suggestions for social crises, prevention and uprisings management are proffered.
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References
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Albert, I.O. (2003). Mainstreaming Positive Leadership in Conflict Transformation, Nigeria. Lagos, Centre for Social Science Research and Development.
Al-Jazeera English.( 2011). “North Africa's Battle for Economic Revolution”. http://t.co/eBQ17GOvia@ajenglish,http://tinyurl.com/6cuuy2l,http://t.co/Yv6Ldk2via @ajenglish
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Craig, W. (2011) “Gaddafi is Eccentric”. Washington Post, 22 February. http://www.washingtonpost.com.
Dabashi, H. (2012). The Arab Spring: the End of Post-colonialism. “A Leading Cultural Observer”, Washington Post. New York and London, Zed Books
Dirk, V. (2011). Is this Libya’s New Revolution? CNN, 21 February. http://edition.cnn.com.
Defend Democracy.org. (2011). “Trade Unions: the Revolutionary Social Network at Play in Egypt and Tunisia”.
English.aljazeera.net. (2010)."Riots Reported in Tunisian City – Africa". 20 December. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/12/2010122063745828931.html.
Faisal, K.P. (2011). Conceptualising Islamic Tradition. In Jawaharlal Nehru University, Department of Sociology New Delhi Source: http://www.muslimsocieties.org
Idumwonyi, M.I. (2002). Religious and Cultural Sustenance of Patriarchy in Africa - The Bini Woman’s Dilemma. In Akintunde, D. et al. 2002. Women and the Culture of Violence in Traditional Africa Pp92.
Kaberuka in al Jazeera, (2011). “Economic Revolution”: Uprisings not Solely about Ideology, but A Social and Economic Change. rt @usembpretoria- http://tinyurl.com/6cuuy2l National Post.2011.World Raises Pressure on Gaddafi. 28 February. http://www.nationalpost.com.
Libcom.org. (2011). "The Sidi Bouzid Revolution”: Ben Ali Flees as Protests Spread in Tunisia". http://libcom.org/forums/news/protests-spread-tunisia-29122010.Libya
Oliver, C. (2010). "Corruption Index 2010: The Most Corrupt Countries in the World – Global Development". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/global- development/interactive/2010/oct/26/corruption-index-2010-countries-world.
Oxaal, Z. (1997). “Gender and Empowerment: Definitions, Approaches, Implications for Policy”, Bride, Report No 40, October.
Pratiksha, C. (2011). “Consultancy Africa Intelligence's”. Africa Watch Unit africa.watch@consultancyafrica.com.
Reuters. (2011). “Tunisia Election Delayed Till October 23”. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/08/us-tunisia-election idUSTRE7571R020110608.
Shah, A. (2011). “Crisis in Libya”. Global Issues. 4th April and 1st November. http://www.globalissues.org/article/793/libya.
............. (2011). “Middle East and North Africa Unrest.” Global Issues. 12 May and 01 November. http://www.globalissues.org/article/792/mideast-north-africa-unrest.
Social Media Revolution,(2011). “Ignited of Socio-political Uprisings in Middle-East and North Africa”. © 2011 Ted Nguyen USA on PR, Social Media and other moving Solutions.
UNDP. (1995). Public Sector Management, Governance, and Sustainable Human Development, New York.
UNICEF. (2008). Gender Equality: the Big Picture. Retrieved August 10, 2011 from http://www.unices.org/gender/index- bigpicture.html.
Uri, F. (2011).What comes after the Revolution? The Atlantic Wire, 28 February. http://www.theatlanticwire.com.
World Bank. (2000). Managing Development - the Governance Dimension, Washington D.C.
Wyre, D. (2010). "BBC News – Tunisia: President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali forced out". http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12195025.
Yasmine, R. (2011). “How Tunisia's and Egypt’s Revolution Began – Features”. Al Jazeera English. http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/01/2011126121815985483.html.