An Analysis of the Chemical Water Quality Characteristics of River Kaduna
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Abstract
This study determines the level of pollution of the waters of the Kaduna River. To achieve this aim, the determination of the chemical characteristics of the water was carried out from different selected sites and analysis of the level of pollution of river water samples carried out. From the result obtained, simple inferential statistical techniques were used to test the hypotheses postulated, and result indicated that the Kaduna River is moderately polluted and there is a variation in the chemical parameters tested according to sampling sites. The result also shows that Makera River is heavily polluted and belongs to class>8.
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References
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Whitman, W. (2008): The Concept of the Ecosystem. Published by the Regents of the University of Michigan Pp. 456.
Al-Amin, M.A. (2013): “Water quality study of River Kaduna in Nigeria” International Journal of Advanced Research Volume 1 Issue 7 467 - 477
Alayande, A.W. and Agunwamba, J.C. (2010):” The Impact of Urbanization in Kaduna River Flooding. Journal of America SciencePp 122- 130.
APHA (1976): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th edition Washington D.C
Chapman, J.L. and Reisis, M.J. (1995): Ecology principle and applications. Cambridge University press 1995Pp 157.
Chikogu, V., Adamu, I.C. and Lekwot, V.E. (2012): Public Health Effects of Effluent Discharge of Kaduna Refinery into Romi River a Tributary of River Kaduna. Greener Journal of Medical science Pp. 180 – 191.
Egwaikhide, A.P., Lawal, U., Azeh, Y. and Adisa, M.J. (2013): Trace Metal levels in Sediment from River Kaduna North West Nigeria. The International Journal of Engineering and Science Pp. 178 –188.
Federal Geological Survey of Nigeria (1988):” Precambrian Geology of Nigeria” Published by the Geological Survey of Nigeria Pp. 26 – 34.
Holdgate, M.W. (1979): A Perspective of environmental Pollution Cambridge University press Cambridge Pp. 116 – 128.
Keay, R.W. (1959): An outline of Nigeria’s Vegetation 3rd edition Federal Ministry of Information, Lagos Pp. 47 – 57.
Mahre, M.Y., Akan, J.C., Moses, E.A. and Ogugbuaja, V.O. (2007): pollution indicators in River Kaduna Kaduna State Nigeria. Trends in Applied Sciences Research II 304 - 311
Mummy, G.E. (1970): “Law, private property and environment” A provocation to a debate on the problem of environmental pollution. Pp. 104 -117.
NEST (1991): Nigerian threatened environment. A National Profile Pp 67.
UNESCO/WHO (1978): Water quality surveys- A guide for the collection and interpretation of water quality data. IHD – WHO working group. Page 32-85
Onyekakeyah, L.O. (1990) “Characterisation of the Hydrochemistry of Degraded Watershed: A study of Jos Mining Region” Journal of Applied Hydrology Vol. 3 No 1, Pp. 22.
Ott, W.R. (1978): Environmental Indices Theory and Practice. Ann Arbor science publishers Inc. Ann Arbor, Mich. Pp. 197 – 300
Prati, L., Pavanello, R. and Pesarin, F. (1971): “Assessment of Surface Water Quality by a single index of Pollution” Water Research 5:741 - 751
Yusuf, R.O., Durojaiye A.O., and Salawuden, T.A. (2008) Pollution Monitoring Along Kaduna River. International Journal of Environmental Science Volume IV, Number IV, Pp. 450 – 462.
Whitman, W. (2008): The Concept of the Ecosystem. Published by the Regents of the University of Michigan Pp. 456.